Effects of Fluoride on Plant Physiology: A Study of Growth, Photosynthesis, and Nutrient Uptake

Dr. Rajesh Verma

Naveena Yadav

Vol. 10, Jan-Dec 2024

Page Number: 24 - 33

Abstract:

Fluoride contamination in soil and water is a significant environmental issue, particularly in certain regions of India, where agricultural practices are heavily impacted by elevated fluoride levels. This study investigates the effects of fluoride on plant physiology, focusing on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake. We conducted experiments using fluoride concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 mg/L, which are commonly observed in fluoride-affected areas in India. The results revealed a marked reduction in growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, biomass, and root-shoot ratio, indicating that fluoride exposure impedes overall plant development. Photosynthetic efficiency was significantly impaired, with a reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate, attributed to structural changes in chloroplasts and enzyme inhibition. Fluoride exposure also disrupted nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, leading to deficiencies that further compromised plant health and resistance to pests and diseases. The dose-dependent nature of fluoride toxicity, with more severe effects observed at higher concentrations. These results are consistent with previous studies conducted in other fluoride-affected regions, although our study provides a more detailed analysis of fluoride's impact on nutrient uptake and photosynthetic processes. The consequences of fluoride toxicity extend beyond individual plant health, potentially threatening agricultural productivity and food security in affected regions. The study emphasizes the need for effective management strategies to mitigate fluoride contamination and protect crops. Further research is essential to explore the long-term effects of fluoride on plant resilience and to develop sustainable agricultural practices for regions impacted by fluoride pollution.

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